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By:Priyanka choubey
Section -J, I T E R , Bhubaneswar
The brain uses over a quarter of the oxygen used by the human body.
The smallest bone found in the human body is located in the middle ear. The staples (or stirrup) bone is only 2.8 millimetres long.
It takes the body around 12 hours to completely digest eaten food.

I was recently asked by a friend about a Biodiesel conversion for running the fuel in his car. My answer to him was "Drive past the diesel pump and pull up next to the Biodiesel pump. You can use Biodiesel in almost any diesel engine on the planet without modification."
That being said, there are a few things you need to be aware of. Check first to make sure that your vehicle manufacturer doesn't prohibit the use of Biodiesel. I don't know of any that do, but I have been told that Audi's newer diesels are not suppose to use Biodiesel. Why is beyond me.

In a sign that American workers may face even more difficult times for many months to come, the nation’s unemployment rate last month jumped to the highest level in 14 years as job losses mounted.Gloomy enough was word from the government on Friday that a fresh 240,000 American jobs disappeared in October, the 10th consecutive month of retrenchment. full story:

One of the many ways that the election of Barack Obama as president has echoed that of John F. Kennedy is his use of a new medium that will forever change politics. For Mr. Kennedy, it was television. For Mr. Obama, it is the Internet. full story:

In the vast field of technology, supercomputing stands as one of the least accessible disciplines. It’s an area where borderline wizardry occurs — people harness the power of thousands of machines to simulate nuclear explosions, predict the weather or model chemical reactions.
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ScienceDaily (2008-11-05) -- Drivers worldwide soon will be able to navigate dangerous road conditions more safely, due to new sensor technology. The 1.7 millimeter-wide device helps stabilize automobiles, allowing them to pass safely through hazardous conditions such as sharp turns and slippery roads that could result in a rollover.full post:

ScienceDaily (2008-11-05) -- Researchers have developed a new cast stainless steel that is 70 percent stronger than comparable steels and is being evaluated for use in the huge shield modules required by the ITER fusion device.
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ScienceDaily (2008-11-05) -- Researchers have shown that an alloy of the metals magnesium, titanium and nickel is excellent at absorbing hydrogen. This light alloy brings us a step closer to the everyday use of hydrogen as a source of fuel for powering vehicles. A hydrogen ‘tank’ using this alloy would have a relative weight that is sixty percent less than a battery pack.
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ScienceDaily (2008-11-04) -- Researchers have discovered and demonstrated a new method for overcoming two major hurdles facing solar energy. By developing a new antireflective coating that boosts the amount of sunlight captured by solar panels and allows those panels to absorb the entire solar spectrum from nearly any angle, the research team has moved academia and industry closer to realizing high-efficiency, cost-effective solar power.
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ScienceDaily (2008-11-04) -- Scientists have found a fungus that produces a new type of diesel fuel. One of the researchers calls it "myco-diesel." The discovery may offer an alternative to fossil fuels, according to a professor of plant sciences and plant pathology involved in the research. The find is even bigger, he said, than his 1993 discovery of fungus that contained the anticancer drug taxol.
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ScienceDaily (2008-11-03) -- Scientists successfully created a sensitive prototype device that could test for dozens or even hundreds of diseases simultaneously by acting like a credit card-swipe machine to scan a card loaded with microscopic blood, saliva or urine samples. The prototype works on the same principle -- giant magnetoresistance or GMR -- that is used to read data on computer hard drives or listen to tunes on portable digital music players.
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ScienceDaily (2008-10-27) -- A large number of technical systems work with air or water. Air compression systems and water pipes are just two examples. Researchers have now successfully managed to convert this fluidic energy into electricity. This could enable sensors to supply themselves with energy in future.
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ScienceDaily (2008-10-21) -- Nature provides a magnifying glass that scientists cleverly decipher to gain a rare look at the violent processes at work in a young galaxy in the early universe.
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ScienceDaily (2008-10-22) -- Although we may believe humans know a lot about the Universe, there are still a lot of phenomena to be explained. A team of cosmologists are searching for the model that best explains the evolution of the Universe.
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ScienceDaily (2008-10-30) -- Researchers in Indiana are describing development of the world's smallest complete mass spectrometer (MS), a miniature version of a standard lab device -- some of which would dominate a living room -- to identify tiny amounts of chemicals in the environment.
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ScienceDaily (2008-10-29) -- A novel cell division mechanism has been discovered in a microorganism that thrives in hot acid. The finding may also result in insights into key processes in human cells, and in a better understanding of the main evolutionary lineages of life on Earth.
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ScienceDaily () -- Engineers built humanoid robots that can recognize objects by color by processing information from a camera mounted on the robot's head. The robots are programmed to play soccer, with the intention of creating a team of fully autonomous humanoid robots able to compete against a championship human team by 2050. They have also designed tiny robots to mimic the communicative "waggle dance" of bees.
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ScienceDaily (2008-10-29) -- Scientists have developed an ultrasensitive mass sensor, which can measure tiny amounts of mass with atomic precision, and with an unprecedented resolution to date.
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ScienceDaily (2008-10-29) -- Scientists are providing new insight into the sense of smell of carnivorous dinosaurs and primitive birds. Researchers found that Tyrannosaurus rex had the best nose of all meat-eating dinosaurs, and their results tone down the reputation of T. rex as a scavenger.
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NewsDaily (2008-10-29) -- It often seems a thin line between love and hate, and now scientists think they know why.
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ScienceDaily (2008-10-23) -- Made up your mind who to vote for? Maybe it's because you like the looks of the candidate. Or maybe it's because the candidate looks a little like you, even if you don't realize it. In a new study, researchers say that people are subconsciously swayed by candidates who share their facial features
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ScienceDaily (2008-10-23) -- Research that has provided a deeper understanding into the center of planets could also provide the way forward in the world's quest for cleaner energy. Scientists have gained a deeper insight into the hot, dense matter found at the center of planets and as a result, has provided further understanding into controlled thermonuclear fusion.
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ScienceDaily (2008-10-24) -- When Andy Green puts his foot on the accelerator and tries to break the land speed record in 2011, he can be sure that some of the UK's top scientists have done everything possible to make sure he achieves his goal, and is safe in the process.
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ScienceDaily (Oct. 23, 2008) — Engineers at the University of California, Berkeley, are reporting a new way of creating computer chips that could revitalize optical lithography, a patterning technique that dominates modern integrated circuits manufacturing.
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HONG KONG — The global credit turmoil and the grim outlook for economic growth claimed another victim in mergers and acquisitions on Wednesday as Samsung Electronics withdrew its $5.9 billion takeover bid for the flash memory card maker SanDisk, citing poor earnings potential at the American company and the current financial crisis. ...
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SAN FRANCISCO — Yahoo was hurting long before the financial crisis got everyone worried about a global recession. Now its pain has become more acute. Yahoo said Tuesday that it would lay off at least 10 percent of its 15,000 workers as it tries to bring down its expenses. It said reduced marketing budgets had taken a bite out of its online advertising business, sending its net income for the third quarter tumbling by 64 percent......
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Laws Allow Donors to Surpass Limits in Campaign
Oil-Rich Countries Face a Reckoning
Concrete Tests Seen as Fraud in Parts of New York
More Alzheimer’s Risk Factors for Hispanics, Studies Suggest In Hollywood, the Wall St. Plots Will Thicken

After weeks of extraordinary efforts by the world’s governments and central banks, the frozen flow of credit began to thaw on Monday.The tentative re-emergence of trust among lenders — a rare commodity of late — raised hopes that the immediate financial pressures on banks, businesses and municipalities could ease somewhat, cushioning the blow of a likely recession.
That encouraging signs appeared at all was enough to bring a wave of relief to Wall Street, where the Dow Jones industrial average rose 413 points, or 4.7 percent. As recently as last Friday, it was far from certain how quickly the unprecedented moves to unlock global credit, including the partial nationalization of some of the world’s biggest banks, would make a difference.

The New York Times:
Donation Record as Colin Powell Endorses Obama
Powell’s Endorsement Puts Spotlight on His Legacy
Many Holes in Disclosure of Nominees’ Health
Deficit Rises, and the Consensus Is to Let It Grow
Drug Killings Haunt Mexican Schoolchildren
The Times of India:
MNS chief Raj Thackeray arrested
Now, Bengal IT hub runs into farmers' roadblock

A team of researchers in Canada have made a bold stride in the struggle to detect dark matter. The PICASSO collaboration has documented the discovery of a significant difference between the acoustic signals induced by neutrons and alpha particles in a detector based on superheated liquids.Since neutron induced signals are very similar to dark matter induced signals, this new discovery, published today, Thursday, 16 October, in the New Journal of Physics, could lead to improved background suppression in dark matter searches with this type of detector. ......

India is set to be propelled to the big league with Chandrayaan-1 launch in October this year. The launch date is tentatively fixed for the 19th October and will be the launch of India in the league of nations that lead the scientific expertise in space exploration.The spacecraft's launch will also be the occasion when India takes its first steps beyond the geo-stationary Orbit, when Chandrayaan-1 transits to the moon. .......
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By next fall, NASA plans to launch its biggest Red Planet rover yet, the $1.8-billion, SUV-size Mars Research Laboratory. Even though the MRL will be able to haul five times as much equipment as the Spirit and Opportunity rovers that are already on Mars, a group of Swedish researchers say that they could accomplish far more if accompanied by a squad of helper 'bots. ......
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Apple Inc. touched up its line of laptop computers Tuesday with a minimal nod to the economic turmoil that might push consumers to be more frugal this holiday shopping season.Apple avoided a major price cut to the Macintosh line, though it did lower its least expensive computer, the existing version of the entry-level MacBook, by $100 to $999.
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NASA engineers hope to begin reviving the ailing Hubble Space Telescope Wednesday with a days-long switch to a backup system after a hardware failure cut off its ability to transmit images back to Earth last month.
The switch will take at least two days, with engineers working around the clock in Hubble's operations center at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to rouse the backup system from nearly two decades of slumber.
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For middle-aged and older adults, searching the Internet could be a boost to the brain, a new study suggests.
In recent years, several studies have showed a link between pursuing activities that keep the mind engaged, such as crossword puzzles and memory games, and a lowered risk of cognitive decline later in life.
As the brain ages, a number of structural and functional changes occur, including atrophy, reductions in cell activity, and increases in deposits of amyloid plaques and tau tangles (both associated with Alzheimer's disease), all of which can affect cognitive function.

The enhanced capabilities of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and accurate modelling of the forces that act on the Chandrayaan-1 satellite in orbit make India’s mission to Moon possible next week. The PSLV will put the satellite into an elliptical orbit under the influence of earth’s gravity. The inbuilt rockets of the satellite will then push it to the moon’s sphere of nfluence.
Final destination:
The final destination is a circular Lunar orbit 100 kilometres above the surface of the Moon. The first challenge for the engineers of ISRO will be to put the satellite into the transfer orbit around the earth.

There appears to be an upper limit to how big the Universe's most massive black holes can get, according to new research led by a Yale University astrophysicist and published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.Once considered rare and exotic objects, black holes are now known to exist throughout the Universe, with the largest and most massive found at the centres of the largest galaxies. These "ultra-massive" black holes have been shown to have masses upwards of one billion times that of our own Sun.

With nanotechnology yielding a burgeoning menagerie of microscopic pumps, motors, and other machines for potential use in medicine and industry, here is one good question: How will humans turn those devices on and off?In an advance toward giving humans that control, scientists in The Netherlands are reporting use of an external electrical signal to control an atomic-scale mechanical device that looks like the flippers on a pinball machine. .........
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How to deal with the ever-increasing problem of space debris poses a major challenge for space agencies, industry and academia around the globe.Now, research by a team from the University of Southampton's School of Engineering Sciences, suggests a new technique for identifying key pieces of debris that should be targeted for removal from orbit. .......
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Materials scientists and engineers added reinforcements to flexible plastic fishing lures to keep them from snapping off their hooks. Braiding microfibers into the lures with techniques used in aircraft or bicycle frame construction, adds strength to plasticized lures that contain phthalates.Fishing is one of America's most popular pastimes. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife service says more than 28-million people will go fresh-water fishing this year, spending billions on fishing lures, lines and poles.........
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Chemical engineers in North Dakota have successfully turned oil from plants—canola (rapeseed), coconuts and soybeans—into jet fuel indistinguishable from the conventional kind, according to U.S. government tests. Working with the U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), scientists at the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) at the University of North Dakota turned ....................
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Water’s unrivaled omnipresence and the crucial role it plays in life drive scientists to understand every detail of its unusual underlying properties on the microscopic scale. A new study explains how water solvates its intrinsic hydroxide (OH-) anion. Unraveling this behavior is important to advance the understanding of aqueous chemistry and biology……………..
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Hot spots near the shattered remains of an exploded star are echoing the blast's first moments, say scientists using data from NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope.Eli Dwek of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., and Richard Arendt of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, say these echoes are powered by radiation from the supernova shock wave that blew the star apart some 11,000 years ago. "We’re seeing the supernova's first flash," Dwek says……………
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Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have set a world record in solar cell efficiency with a photovoltaic device that converts 40.8 percent of the light that hits it into electricity. This is the highest confirmed efficiency of any photovoltaic device to date.
The inverted metamorphic triple-junction solar cell was designed, fabricated and independently measured at NREL. The 40.8 percent efficiency was measured under concentrated light of 326 suns. One sun is about the amount of light that typically hits Earth on a sunny day. The new cell is a natural candidate for the space satellite market and for terrestrial concentrated photovoltaic arrays, which use lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto the solar cells.